Self-driving shuttles (SAE 3) are operating on-demand on fixed routes in Barkaby (sub urban area), Stockholm with a safety driver in the vehicle. The regulatory issues have been dealt with by issuing special permits for the trials. The technology has matured to allow an on-demand service but operating of geographically fixed routes. A safety-driver is still required.
Large scale pilots of mobility as a service (MaaS) tested and verified to meet demands of shared mobility. In Gothenburg, the Drive Sweden project LIMA project has tested a MaaS service with about 400 users at the Lindholmen area, for both work and private travel.
The largest cities in Sweden, Stockholm and Gothenburg have started to deploy a geofencing scheme of static zones that limit the speed of their vehicle fleet and to enforce environmental zones. These vehicles include their transportation service for elderly and special needs, public transport and procured distribution vehicles. Initial geofencing zones are activated by choice in private cars whilst procured transport services have mandatory geofenced areas. Only hybrids that can receive the geofencing areas and that automatically switch to electricity are allowed in these areas. The vehicles are informed on the static geofenced areas through a close collaboration with the cities and OEMs. The geofences are delivered manually through maps and implemented in respective fleet management system.
The Drive Sweden policy Lab organises concrete activities with authorities and other stakeholders with the aim of pushing legislation adapted for new and efficient mobility solutions. This creates an effective arena for collaboration between different actors and therefore becomes a useful influencer in local, national and EU arenas.
Control tower for supervision of autonomous vehicles has been introduced. These control centers form the base for using the vehicle in service without safety driver onboard. This includes traffic management of public transportation, pilots for new services, roles and ownership.
Laws governing self-driving vehicles have been introduced. This includes basic requirements for the registration of self-driving vehicles. It also includes special requirements for what is required of vehicles driven without any responsible driver / operator on board.
New mobility services are provided by autonomous shuttles on predefined routes and are connected to the rest of the infrastructure by a multi-modal way of traveling. On demand public transport services has reached a great break-through, both regarding non fixed schedules and dynamic bus stations. This is both valid for areas close to the city center and for rural areas.
A Drive Sweden limited-scale pilot is offering advanced robotaxi service on-demand from A to B, in a complex city environment, on public roads and with no safety driver on-board. The service is based on vehicles with capacity to carry up to 6 persons in a shared mobility service, offering convenient transfer to/from public transportation hubs.
Drive Sweden pilot projects are ongoing with fully integrated first- and last mile solutions on demand for smaller autonomous vehicles. Vehicles can, without an operator onboard, pick up and deliver people and goods. This increases the level of service for existing public transportation or in similar use cases like hospitals, airports universities etc. For the transport industry this adds value by making first- and last mile delivery available for goods. This symbiosis with the same vehicle for delivery boxes and public transportation creates a unique and seamless experience for the end user.
Drive Sweden is a national node for innovation projects that brings in end-users and citizens into the development of future transport solutions in collaborative and innovative ways. Together, the projects creates a growing bank of tested and evaluated user-involving methods that can be transferred and scaled to different contexts and for different, both societal and technology-driven, purposes. This bank of methods is presented in a way that is easily communicating with an international audience and helps building a reputation for Swedish mobility innovation
Autonomous driving in cities, geofencing with prohibited traffic during some parts of the day, and generally spread shared mobility solutions has resulted in reduced numbers of privately owned cars in cities. This results in reduced problems with traffic jam, less air pollution in the cities.
Drive Sweden is performing a pilot with autonomous electrified transport of goods during night-time. Additional pilots with off-peak vocational electrical vehicles (e.g. garbage trucks). This reduces crowding in areas with daytime congestion. Help from the infrastructure serves the autonomous vehicles with a dedicated lane during nights. This is used for other passengers (bicyclists, pedestrians and electrical buses) during daytime.
Smaller Swedish cities have started to implement geofencing zones. The Swedish Transport Administration has implemented speed restrictions through geofencing on certain national roads. In the larger cities, Gothenburg and Stockholm, dynamic geofencing zones are in use. Commercial vehicles entering the cities are programmed to follow conditions set in specific geofencing zones which are updated in real-time. These zones include speed restriction to optimize traffic flow, to reduce speed close to large groups of people and certain applications to optimize air quality and noise. The city can further grant and deny access to certain areas in order to e.g. facilitate deliveries and create vehicle free streets. This access can also enable distribution vehicles and public transport to use dedicated lanes in order to benefit sustainable travelling and efficient deliveries. The geofencing zones are communicated to the vehicles through the cities’ digital platforms, where the zones are created, conditions are set and OEMs have a safe connection to receive the information.
Electrified vehicles are seen as the standard for public transportation for short and med medium distances.
A high interest and demand by commercial transport operators is seen for fully autonomous vehicles (no driver onboard or remote) and mobility services. Vehicles will operate in a multitude of Operational Design Domains (ODDs), both confined areas (for example connected to mines, harbours and airports), highways and simpler routes through residential and suburban areas.
Vehicles with several use cases and transport solutions for one vehicle, combining both people and goods transport are in operation. Combined mobility hubs and logistic centers are used to optimize the flows.
A shift towards decreased ownership of private cars is clearly visible for both urban and rural areas.
The transport system is connected, autonomous, electrified and shared. All new vehicles are fully connected with the capacity of transferring large streams of data from different users of connected mobility services. New vehicles have the capability of completely driverless operation (SAE 4) in limited ODDs. Retrofit solutions are available for older vehicles thus enabling a basic level of participation in traffic.
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